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Perhaps the most consequential endeavor, however, was the effort to understand the relationship between genetics and cancer,Īs this led to the establishment of many of today's inbred mouse strains as well as the founding of mouse genetic researchĬenters such as the Jackson Laboratory in 1929, Oak Ridge in 1943, MRC Harwell in 1947, and the National Institute of Genetics Of tail length and the T locus ( Silver 1995). Genetic basis of other variable traits such as histocompatibility, sex determination and X-inactivation, and classic studies White spotting allele W (an allele of the receptor tyrosine kinase Kit) was found to affect not only pigmentation but also hematopoiesis and fertility, for instance. One line of researchįurther explored the complicated genetics of pigmentation and the sometimes-surprising coincident phenotypes. Program because a monk had no business, frankly, breeding ( Paigen 2003).įollowing Cuénot's papers ( Cuénot 1902), genetic research using the mouse began in earnest, often through the study of spontaneous mouse mutants. Mendel himself had started down this same road fifty years earlier, only for his bishop to snuff out the nascent breeding

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The first in a series of papers describing Mendelian inheritance for mouse coat color characteristics ( Cuénot 1902). The origin of mice as a model systemįor genetic analysis, with intrinsic variable and heritable traits worthy of study, dates to 1902 when Lucien Cuénot published That hereditary information was transmitted only through germ cells: the sperm and egg. This result challenged Lamarckian inheritance and led Weismann to propose the germ theory of inheritance, which stated Removed the tails of mice, bred them, and found offspring with tails of normal length ( Weismann 1889). Nevertheless, the first genetic experiment using mice may have been performed in 1887 by August Weismann, who surgically

The hobby of mouse fancying was exported to England and from there to the United States, where fancier stocks formed theīasis of many modern inbred strains ( Morse 1978).

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To 18th century Japan and China where local mouse and rat fanciers wrote guidebooks on how to raise these animals, includingĭetailed breeding strategies to obtain particular coat patterns ( Tokuda 1935 Kuramoto 2011). A case can be made that the tradition dates back even further The house mouse, Mus musculus, has been a tool of genetic inquiry for well over a century. Previous Section Next Section The origins of mice as a genetic system